DISADVANTAGES OF SERIAL PROCESSING OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE ARE THE

Disadvantages Of Serial Processing Operating System Software Are The

Hardware and software are the two major elements that constitute a computing system. The development of data management and analysis systems largely benefits from the advancement of the hardware and software technologies. All the Instructions those are Entered First in the System will be Executed First and the. 1) Serial Processing: The Serial Processing Operating Systems are those which Performs all the instructions into a Sequence Manner or the Instructions those are given by the user will be executed by using the FIFO Manner means First in First Out.

To fully utilize the hardware, the software should optimize the design of algorithms and data structure according to the hardware. For data management and analysis systems, the hardware determines the performance limit of data access and query processing. In the meantime, the demands for software performance also promote the advancements and innovations of hardware technologies. Therefore, there has to be trade-offs in the design of software frameworks and systems.

These new hardware is expected to break through the architecture of the entire computer system and convert the assumptions of the upper software. Specifically, the advent of high-performance processors and hardware accelerators, new nonvolatile memory (NVM), and a high-speed network are rapidly changing the base support for traditional data management and analysis systems. TodayвЂ™s hardware technologies and environments are undergoing dramatic changes. The design principles, architecture selection, core functions, strategy mode, and optimization techniques of the upper software system largely depend on the computer hardware. Difference between serial and parallel processing.Data processing infrastructure generally includes the underlying hardware environment and the upper software system.

However, limited by the heat, power consumption, instruction-level parallelism, manufacturing processes, and other factors, the scale-up approach reaches the ceiling.After 2005, high-performance processor technology has entered the multi-core era and multi-core parallel processing technology has become the mainstream. Therefore, software can consistently and transparently enjoy free and regular performance gains. At the same time, lots of optimization techniques, such as the instruction-level parallelism (ILP), pipeline, prefetching, branch prediction, out-of-order instruction execution, multi-level cache, and hyper-threading, can be automatically identified and utilized by the processor and the compiler. According to MooreвЂ™s law, pushing the computing frequency of the processor continuously is one of the most important ways to improve the performance of the computer in the era of serial computing. Its development roadmap has shifted from scale-up to scale-out, and the aim dramatically shifts away from pursuing higher clock speed and instead focuses on creating more cores per processor. Further, materials handling cannot be mechanized easily because the definite channels ensure the flow of materials in serial order.Full size image The Trend of Processor TechnologiesThe development of processor technology has gone through for more than 40В years.

However, x86 processor still has the disadvantages of low integration, high power consumption, and high price. For example, the 14-nm Xeon processor currently integrates up to 24 cores, supporting up to 3.07В TB memory and 85В GB/s memory bandwidth. Nowadays, the performance of multi-core processors has been significantly improved with the semiconductor technology. Instead, programmers have to transform the traditional serial programs into parallel programs, and optimize the algorithm performance for the LLC (Last Level Cache) of multi-core processors.

From a performance point of view, NVM is close to the DDR memory, but also has a nonvolatile feature. The specifications are given in Table 2. Although the characteristics and manufacturing processes of these memories are obviously different, they generally have some common features, including durability, high storage density, low-latency random read/write, and fine-grained byte addressing. Typically, NVMs include phase change memory (PCM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), resistive random access memory (RRAM), and ferroelectronic RAM (FeRAM). It is also referred to as storage class memory (SCM) in some research literature. The NVM is actually a general term for a type of storage technology which does not represent a specific storage technology or medium.

Its capacity can reach up to 12.8В TB, and read/write performance is also high. Take a single PCIe flash memory for example. At present, flash memory technology is today a mature technology.

It will also change the existing storage hierarchy and optimize data access critical paths to bridge the performance gap between storage tiers, providing new opportunities for data management and analytics. With the NVM technology, the multi-level hybrid storage environment will certainly break the balance among the CPU, main memory, system bus, and external memory in the traditional computer architecture. The 3D stacking technology that enhances higher bandwidth can be applied to the on-board storage of many-core processors, delivering high-performance data cache support for the powerful parallel processing. The common feature of the NVM is that they have dual capabilities of both DRAM-like high-speed access and disk-like persistence, effectively breaking the вЂњperformance wallвЂќ of traditional storage medium that cannot overcome.At the same time, the development of new storage technologies has also had a significant impact on processor technology. On theВ contrary, it consumes more energy under low load than other storage devices because refreshing the entire DRAM is required. In terms of energy consumption, DRAM consumes less energy under high load.